Neurons and Glia Cells in Marine Invertebrates: An Update

Frontiers in Neuroscience
Arturo Ortega, Tatiana N Olivares-Bañuelos

Abstract

The nervous system (NS) of invertebrates and vertebrates is composed of two main types of cells: neurons and glia. In both types of organisms, nerve cells have similarities in biochemistry and functionality. The neurons are in charge of the synapse, and the glial cells are in charge of important functions of neuronal and homeostatic modulation. Knowing the mechanisms by which NS cells work is important in the biomedical area for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. For this reason, cellular and animal models to study the properties and characteristics of the NS are always sought. Marine invertebrates are strategic study models for the biological sciences. The sea slug Aplysia californica and the squid Loligo pealei are two examples of marine key organisms in the neurosciences field. The principal characteristic of marine invertebrates is that they have a simpler NS that consists of few and larger cells, which are well organized and have accessible structures. As well, the close phylogenetic relationship between Chordata and Echinodermata constitutes an additional advantage to use these organisms as a model for the functionality of neuronal cells and their cellular plasticity. Currently, there is great interest...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 19, 2021·Cell and Tissue Research·Gabriela HollmannSilvana Allodi
Mar 17, 2021·Annual Review of Neuroscience·Klaus-Armin Nave, Hauke B Werner

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