Neuropeptide Y and orexin immunoreactivity in the sparrow brain coincide with seasonal changes in energy balance and steroids

The Journal of Comparative Neurology
H Bobby FokidisKiran K Soma

Abstract

The transition between the breeding and nonbreeding states is often marked by a shift in energy balance. Despite this well-known shift in energy balance, little work has explored seasonal differences in the orexigenic neuropeptides that regulate food intake in wild animals. Here we tested the hypothesis that free-living male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) show seasonal changes in energetic state, circulating steroids, and both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin (OX) immunoreactivity. Nonbreeding song sparrows had more fat and muscle, as well as a ketone and triglyceride profile suggesting a greater reliance on lipid reserves. Breeding birds had higher plasma androgens; however, nonbreeding birds did maintain androgen precursors in circulation. Nonbreeding birds had more NPY immunoreactivity, specifically in three brain regions: lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and ventral tegmental area. Furthermore, nonbreeding birds had more OX immunoreactivity in multiple brain regions. Taken together, the data indicate that a natural shift in energy balance is associated with changes in NPY and OX in a region-specific manner.

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Citations

Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Neuroendocrinology·Cecilia JalabertKiran K Soma
Jun 17, 2020·Hormones and Behavior·John C WingfieldKiran K Soma
Jul 3, 2019·Hormones and Behavior·John C WingfieldKiran K Soma
Aug 17, 2021·Frontiers in Neural Circuits·Laura QuintanaLucia Zubizarreta

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