Neuroprotection and dopamine agonists

Neurology
Anthony H V Schapira

Abstract

Several factors are known to be capable of inducing relatively selective dopaminergic cell death in the substantia nigra and inducing the clinical features that characterize Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuronal toxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can induce parkinsonism in human and animal models, and rotenone, another specific mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, can induce similar effects in rodents to produce a model for PD. Studies in twins suggest a significant genetic component to young-onset PD, and several gene mutations have now been identified as causing familial autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive PD. Etiologic factors including free radical-mediated damage (including excitotoxicity), mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation-mediated cell damage can contribute to pathogenesis. In addition, the recent interest in protein misfolding, aggregation, and proteosomal activity has provided further insight into potential pathogenetic pathways in PD. Against this background there has been increasing interest in the development of drugs to modify these biochemical abnormalities and thus alter the course of PD, either by retarding the rate of cell death or by restoring function to neurons that...Continue Reading

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