Neuropsychological functioning and alcohol dependence

Current Opinion in Psychiatry
Armin Scheurich

Abstract

Alcohol dependence is a significant challenge to society and health-care services. The associated cognitive deficits are thought to affect behavioral control, therapy and liability to relapse. The present review demonstrates important new findings. Recent interest focused on compensatory functional circuits, components of executive functioning, externally induced attentional biases and the relevance of the cognitive deficits for therapy and rehabilitation. Recent studies found widespread compromised fronto-cortico-cerebellar circuits to underlie cognitive deficits. The inclusion of cerebellar structures to support functions traditionally associated with cortical and even prefrontal structures is important. However, most importantly, alcohol-dependent patients use additional and generally higher-order executive functions to compensate for deficient task performance. The compensatory mechanisms might help to explain close to normal functioning in basic cognitive domains enabled by support of executive components. But deficits in executive functions themselves might emerge more directly. New approaches concerning executive functioning, analyzing functional components of executive tasks, found response inhibition and decision-makin...Continue Reading

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