Neuropsychological Practice Effects in the Context of Cognitive Decline: Contributions from Learning and Task Novelty

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
Sommer R ThorgusenBrian R Baucom

Abstract

Although cognitive decline is typically associated with decreasing practice effects (PEs) (presumably due to declining memory), some studies show increased PEs with declines in cognition. One explanation for these inconsistencies is that PEs reflect not only memory, but also rebounds from adapting to task novelty (i.e., novelty effect), leading to increased PEs. We examined a theoretical model of relationships among novelty effects, memory, cognitive decline, and within-session PEs. Sixty-six older adults ranging from normal to severely impaired completed measures of memory, novelty effects, and two trials each of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4 th Edition Symbol Search and Coding. Interrelationships among variables were examined using regression analyses. PEs for Symbol Search and Coding (a) were related to different proposed PE components (i.e., memory and novelty effects), such that novelty effect predicted Symbol Search PE (R2 =.239, p<.001) and memory predicted Coding PE (R2 =.089, p=.015), and (b) showed different patterns across stages of cognitive decline, such that the greatest cognitive decline was associated with smallest Coding PE (R2 =.125, p=.004), whereas intermediate cognitive decline was associated with th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 17, 2018·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology·Yana SuchyNicholas N Pennington
Oct 27, 2018·Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS·Yana SuchyRosemary Ziemnik
Feb 7, 2020·Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·Dustin B HammersKevin Duff
Jun 17, 2018·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Jana ScharfenHeinz Holling
Aug 12, 2021·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology·Daniel S WeitznerThomas D Parsons

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