Neutral red as a probe for confocal laser scanning microscopy studies of plant roots

Annals of Botany
Joseph G DubrovskyDiedrik Menzel

Abstract

Neutral red (NR), a lipophilic phenazine dye, has been widely used in various biological systems as a vital stain for bright-field microscopy. In its unprotonated form it penetrates the plasma membrane and tonoplast of viable plant cells, then due to protonation it becomes trapped in acidic compartments. The possible applications of NR for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies were examined in various aspects of plant root biology. NR was used as a fluorochrome for living roots of Phaseolus vulgaris, Allium cepa, A. porrum and Arabidopsis thaliana (wild-type and transgenic GFP-carrying lines). The tissues were visualized using CLSM. The effect of NR on the integrity of the cytoskeleton and the growth rate of arabidopsis primary roots was analysed to judge potential toxic effects of the dye. The main advantages of the use of NR are related to the fact that NR rapidly penetrates root tissues, has affinity to suberin and lignin, and accumulates in the vacuoles. It is shown that NR is a suitable probe for visualization of proto- and metaxylem elements, Casparian bands in the endodermis, and vacuoles in cells of living roots. The actin cytoskeleton and the microtubule system of the cells, as well as the dynamics of root ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 19, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Joseph G DubrovskyEva Benková
Jun 11, 2011·Plant & Cell Physiology·Patric M SchmölzerIlse Foissner
Sep 18, 2015·Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB·Stephen TroloveJeff Reid
Sep 14, 2010·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·I KasikM Kaminek
Apr 5, 2007·Nature Protocols·Stéphanie RobertNatasha Raikhel
May 4, 2011·Journal of Food Science·M E GonzalezD M Barrett
Jan 10, 2017·Frontiers in Plant Science·Josefine Nestler, Matthias Wissuwa
Jun 12, 2019·Protoplasma·Marcelo P Hernández, Liliana Katinas
Jun 27, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Maryna BaydyukJeffrey K Huang
May 17, 2011·The New Phytologist·Joseph G DubrovskyEva Benková
Apr 14, 2017·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Ashutosh RaghuvanshiAtul Goel
Aug 3, 2017·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Alisha PrasadCristina M Sabliov

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