Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence

Journal of Immunology Research
R C Allen

Abstract

Neutrophil leukocytes protect against a varied and complex array of microbes by providing microbicidal action that is simple, potent, and focused. Neutrophils provide such action via redox reactions that change the frontier orbitals of oxygen (O2) facilitating combustion. The spin conservation rules define the symmetry barrier that prevents direct reaction of diradical O2 with nonradical molecules, explaining why combustion is not spontaneous. In burning, the spin barrier is overcome when energy causes homolytic bond cleavage producing radicals capable of reacting with diradical O2 to yield oxygenated radical products that further participate in reactive propagation. Neutrophil mediated combustion is by a different pathway. Changing the spin quantum state of O2 removes the symmetry restriction to reaction. Electronically excited singlet molecular oxygen ((1)O2(*)) is a potent electrophilic reactant with a finite lifetime that restricts its radius of reactivity and focuses combustive action on the target microbe. The resulting exergonic dioxygenation reactions produce electronically excited carbonyls that relax by light emission, that is, chemiluminescence. This overview of neutrophil combustive microbicidal action takes the per...Continue Reading

References

Oct 8, 1974·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·R C AllenR H Steele
Jan 1, 1970·Annals of Surgery·A E DumontW R Cole
May 17, 2000·Methods in Enzymology·R C AllenF B Taylor
Feb 7, 2001·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·W H HolzapfelU Schillinger
Mar 1, 1962·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·J SCHULTZ, K KAMINKER
Jun 3, 2006·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Robert W Redmond, Irene E Kochevar
Jan 1, 1922·The Biochemical Journal·J W McLeod, J Gordon
Jul 21, 2006·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Esben SkovsenPeter R Ogilby
Aug 8, 2008·Blood·David C DaleW Conrad Liles
Oct 27, 2010·Infection and Immunity·Robert C Allen, Jackson T Stephens
Jun 18, 2011·Luminescence : the Journal of Biological and Chemical Luminescence·Robert C Allen, Jackson T Stephens
Aug 14, 2012·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Christine C Winterbourn, Anthony J Kettle

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 14, 2018·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·Shelley M LawrenceVictor Nizet
Mar 16, 2017·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Shelley Melissa LawrenceVictor Nizet
Jan 5, 2018·Acta Cytologica·Dima F Yassin, Mousa A Al-Abbadi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.