New and emerging uses of CRISPR/Cas9 to genetically manipulate apicomplexan parasites

Parasitology
Manlio Di Cristina, Vern B Carruthers

Abstract

Although the application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering approaches was first reported in apicomplexan parasites only 3 years ago, this technology has rapidly become an essential component of research on apicomplexan parasites. This review briefly describes the history of CRISPR/Cas9 and the principles behind its use along with documenting its implementation in apicomplexan parasites, especially Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. We also discuss the recent use of CRISPR/Cas9 for whole genome screening of gene knockout mutants in T. gondii and highlight its use for seminal genetic manipulations of Cryptosporidium spp. Finally, we consider new variations of CRISPR/Cas9 that have yet to be implemented in apicomplexans. Whereas CRISPR/Cas9 has already accelerated rapid interrogation of gene function in apicomplexans, the full potential of this technology is yet to be realized as new variations and innovations are integrated into the field.

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Citations

Jul 17, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Valeria A SanderMarina Clemente
Jun 19, 2019·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology·Noelia Lander, Miguel A Chiurillo
Mar 27, 2021·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Min ZhouThomas Efferth
Apr 27, 2021·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Raghavendra YadavalliJosé A Fernández Robledo
Sep 3, 2021·Food and Waterborne Parasitology·Jennifer K O'LearyBrigid Lucey
Oct 7, 2021·ACS Infectious Diseases·Cynthia TallantFélix Calderón
Sep 27, 2021·Molecular Microbiology·Sylvie BriquetOlivier Silvie

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
gene knock out
gene knockout
transfection
gene knockouts
fluorescence-activated cell sorting
FACS

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