New Biomarkers to Evaluate Hyperandrogenemic Women and Hypogonadal Men

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
Sidika E Karakas, Prasanth N Surampudi

Abstract

Androgens can have variable effects on men and women. Women may be evaluated for androgen excess for several reasons. Typically, young premenopausal women present with clinical symptoms of hirsutism, alopecia, irregular menses, and/or infertility. The most common cause of these symptoms is polycystic ovary syndrome. After menopause, even though ovaries stop producing estrogen, they continue to produce androgen, and women can have new onset of hirsutism and alopecia. Laboratory evaluation involves measurement of the major ovarian and adrenal androgens. In women, age, phase of the menstrual cycle, menopausal status, obesity, metabolic health, and sex hormone-binding proteins significantly affect total-androgen levels and complicate interpretation. This review will summarize the clinically relevant evaluation of hyperandrogenemia at different life stages in women and highlight pitfalls associated with interpretation of commonly used hormone measurements. Hypogonadism in men is a clinical syndrome characterized by low testosterone and/or low sperm count. Symptoms of hypogonadism include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased vitality, decreased muscle mass, increased adiposity, depressed mood, osteopenia, and osteoporosi...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 20, 2020·Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology·Robert KrysiakBogusław Okopień
Jun 26, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Shangfu LiLimin Rong
Feb 16, 2021·Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism·Collins AmadiEhimen P Odum
May 27, 2021·Reproductive Sciences·Xiangping LiChunhua Deng

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