Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of chronic liver disease, independent of etiology, and is characterized by accumulation of fibrotic tissue and conversion of the normal liver parenchyma into abnormal regenerative nodules. Complications include portal hypertension (PH) with gastroesophageal varices, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, bacteremia, and hypersplenism. The most life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis is acute variceal bleeding (AVB) which is associated with increased mortality that, despite recent progress in management, is still around 20% at 6 weeks. Combined treatment with vasoactive drugs, prophylactic antibiotics, and endoscopic techniques is the recommended standard of care for patients with acute variceal bleeding. There are many promising new modalities including the combination of coil and glue injection for management of bleeding or non-bleeding gastric varices and hemostatic powder application, that requires minimal expertise, when performed early after admission of a cirrhotic patient with AVB and overt hematemesis acting as a bridge therapy till definitive endoscopic therapy can be performed in hemodynamically stable conditions and without acute bleeding.
Citations
Jul 7, 2019·Medicina·Vedat Goral, Nevin Yılmaz
Nov 16, 2019·Medicina·Adrian GoldisTraian V Chirila
Feb 23, 2019·Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Hong ZhaoLanjuan Li
Aug 20, 2019·Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics·Qingbo MengHaohao Wang
Jun 9, 2020·Gastroenterology Research and Practice·Jia-Li MaHong-Shan Wei
Nov 17, 2019·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Sławomir KoziełAnna Wiechowska-Kozłowska
Feb 28, 2020·Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Zi Wen WangJian Zhuang Ren
Aug 12, 2020·Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology·Tingting HuYongping Chen
Feb 21, 2019·BMC Gastroenterology·Junfu ZhengHuiguo Ding
May 7, 2019·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Kenya KamimuraShuji Terai
Jan 31, 2019·World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Umesha BoregowdaShreyas Saligram
Sep 7, 2020·Digestive Diseases and Sciences·C Roberto Simons-LinaresPrabhleen Chahal
Dec 2, 2020·Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology·Xinzhi XuChunxiang Jin
Mar 23, 2021·World Journal of Clinical Cases·Jian-Bo WangBin Ye
Apr 20, 2021·Medical Journal, Armed Forces India·Aradhana AnejaRohit Kohli
Oct 13, 2019·Clinical Radiology·J Q YangQ W Mu
Dec 11, 2021·Indian Journal of Gastroenterology : Official Journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology·Shivaram P SinghUNKNOWN Indian Society of Gastroenterology Task Force on Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding