New equine antitoxins to botulinum neurotoxins serotypes A and B.

Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization
D LiJames E Keller

Abstract

Hyperimmune monovalent antitoxins to botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and B have been produced by immunizing horses with newly developed formalin toxoids. After primary immunization, horses developed acceptable prophylactic antibody titers (1-5 IU/mL). Three horses received additional toxoid booster injections to induce hyperimmune antibody titers with antitoxin-A and antitoxin-B titers reaching peaks of approximately 2000 IU/mL and 150-625 IU/mL, respectively. Titers were quantified throughout the process by antigen-capture ELISA and by in-vivo neutralization. ELISA titers and neutralization titers correlated (R² ∼0.62-0.92), however, unique correlations between in-vitro and in-vivo titers were observed for each horse. Monovalent antitoxin pools were made by combining plasma that had been collected twice via plasmaphoresis several months after primary immunization. Neutralizing units were established for each pool relative to the current US and WHO reference standards. Titers were determined at the L(+)/10 and L(+)/40 toxin dose for Toxin types A and B, respectively, and U.S. and international units were assigned to each monovalent antitoxin. Avidity of the new Anti-A pool was equivalent to the WHO Anti-A reference at the L(+)...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 2, 2012·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Miles C DuncanVictoria Auerbuch
Jul 3, 2013·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Padmamalini BaskaranBaskaran Thyagarajan
Sep 25, 2019·Toxins·Christine Rasetti-Escargueil, Michel R Popoff
Aug 25, 2019·British Journal of Pharmacology·Ivica Matak
May 28, 2020·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

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