New extracellular factors in glioblastoma multiforme development: neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15, sphingosine-1-phosphate and cytomegalovirus infection

Oncotarget
Jan KorbeckiIrena Baranowska-Bosiacka

Abstract

Recent years have seen considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of cancer. For example, more significance is now assigned to the tumor microenvironment, especially with regard to intercellular signaling in the tumor niche which depends on many factors secreted by tumor cells. In addition, great progress has been made in understanding the influence of factors such as neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the 'hallmarks of cancer' in glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, in the present work we describe the influence of these factors on the proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, and cancer immune evasion in a glioblastoma multiforme tumor. In particular, we discuss the effect of neurotensin, GDF-15, S1P (including the drug FTY720), and infection with CMV on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), microglial cells, neutrophil and regulatory T cells (Treg), on the tumor microenvironment. In order to better understand the role of the aforementioned factors in tumoral processes, we outline the latest models of intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme. Base...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 27, 2018·The Journal of General Virology·Claudia Januário Dos SantosMaria Cristina Carlan da Silva
Aug 28, 2018·Journal of Medicinal Food·Kyong-Oh ShinKyungho Park
Aug 22, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Donata SimińskaIrena Baranowska-Bosiacka
Apr 28, 2020·Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS·Stella NikolaouChristos Kontovounisios

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
gene knockouts
gene knockout
surgical resection

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