New Insights on the Mode of Action of Microcystins in Animal Cells - A Review

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Elisabete ValérioAlexandre Campos

Abstract

Microcystins (MCs) are the most commonly occurring hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. The inhibition of PP2A is widely assumed as the principal mechanism of toxicity of MCs, however recently it has been found that MC modulates PP2A activity not only by direct inhibition of its activity, but also by regulating its expression. Nevertheless the mechanisms of toxicity of MCs seem to be more complex to interpret than expected. The induction of some cellularmolecular mechanisms appears to be biphasic in time and concentration of MC and in most cases related with the intracellular ROS generation. These intracellular ROS levels cause oxidative stress which leads to changes in several markers of MC-LR-induced oxidative stress ultimately resulting in apoptosis or cell damage and also genotoxicity. MCs can also induce severe changes in the cytoskeleton elements: microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules, which results in changes in the cytoskeleton architecture and cell viability. There are also indications that there are second messengers involved in MC-LR mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Different congeners of these toxins induce different degrees of responses in the cell, assumed to be related with the capacity o...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 3, 2017·Natural Product Reports·Roberto G S BerlinckJulie P G Rodriguez
Mar 16, 2018·Frontiers in Microbiology·Juline M WalterFabiano L Thompson
Jul 15, 2020·Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology·Piyush KumarSanjay Kumar
Jun 27, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Csaba MáthéMárta M-Hamvas
Feb 1, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Fan ZhangLiping Wang
Nov 7, 2018·Environmental Research·Leticia Díez-QuijadaAna M Cameán
Oct 21, 2020·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Yali ZhangWeiguo Andy Tao
Nov 18, 2019·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Anjali KrishnanXiaozhen Mou
Mar 20, 2021·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·H ZaidiH Nasri
May 29, 2020·Journal of Natural Products·Julia MoschnyTimo H J Niedermeyer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis