New Pathways and Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis

Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases
Anthony Behin, Rozen Le Panse

Abstract

Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease caused by autoantibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction. It is a prototype organ-specific autoimmune disease with well-defined antigenic targets mainly the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Patients suffer from fluctuating, fatigable muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest.Various therapeutic strategies have been used over the years to alleviate MG symptoms. These strategies aim at improving the transmission of the nerve impulse to muscle or at lowering the immune system with steroids or immunosuppressant drugs. Nevertheless, MG remains a chronic disease and symptoms tend to persist in many patients, some being or becoming refractory over time. In this review, based on recent experimental data on MG or based on results from clinical trials for other autoimmune diseases, we explore new potential therapeutic approaches for MG patients, going from non-specific approaches with the use of stem cells with their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties to targeted therapies using monoclonal antibodies specific for cell-surface antigens or circulating molecules.

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May 3, 2019·Nature Reviews. Disease Primers·Nils Erik GilhusJan J G M Verschuuren
Aug 9, 2019·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Xiao-Jun CaiZheng Jiao
Jul 28, 2020·Frontiers in Neurology·Deepak MenonVera Bril
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Jan 16, 2022·Clinical Rheumatology·Riccardo BixioOmbretta Viapiana

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
immunoprecipitation

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02110706
NCT02950155
NCT00424489
NCT02565576
NCT01480596
NCT02102594

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Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

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