New psychoactive substances as part of polydrug abuse within opioid maintenance treatment revealed by comprehensive high-resolution mass spectrometric urine drug screening

Human Psychopharmacology
Pertti HeikmanIlkka Ojanperä

Abstract

At present, polydrug abuse comprises, besides traditional illicit drugs, new psychoactive substances (NPS) and non-prescribed psychotropic medicines (N-PPM). Polydrug abuse was comprehensively evaluated among opioid-dependent patients undergoing opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). Two hundred consecutively collected urine samples from 82 OMT patients (52 male) treated with methadone or buprenorphine-naloxone medication were studied using a liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry screening method. The method enables simultaneous detection of hundreds of abused substances covering the traditional drugs of abuse and many NPS as well as N-PPM. Ninety-two (45.8%) samples were positive for the abused substances. Benzodiazepines (29.0%), amphetamines (19.5%), cannabinoids (17.0%), NPS (13.0%), N-PPM (9.0%), and opioids (9.0%) were detected in different combinations. The simultaneous occurrence of up to three groups of abused substances was common (40.0%), and in one sample, all six groups were found. The stimulant NPS alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone was found in 10.0% and the sedative N-PPM pregabalin in 4.0% of the samples. The patients were seldom aware of what particular NPS they had abused. A widespread occurrence of...Continue Reading

References

Aug 13, 2005·International Clinical Psychopharmacology·GianLuca QuaglioPaolo Mezzelani
Mar 17, 2007·Drug and Alcohol Review·Noreen BannanJohn O'connor
Jan 18, 2011·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Ilkka Antero OjanperäIlpo Juhani Rasanen
Apr 9, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Tiina J KauppilaRisto Kostiainen
Mar 13, 2012·Human Psychopharmacology·John Martin CorkeryAbdol Hamid Ghodse
Aug 29, 2012·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Megan E McLarnonSean P Barrett
Jul 25, 2013·Human Psychopharmacology·Pierluigi SimonatoFabrizio Schifano
Jul 25, 2013·Human Psychopharmacology·Débora GonzálezMagi Farre
Aug 31, 2013·European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·Martin GrosshansDerik Hermann
Oct 22, 2013·Drug Testing and Analysis·Federica BortolottiFranco Tagliaro
Jan 1, 2014·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Amanda M LefflerFrank L Dorman
Feb 5, 2014·International Journal of Cardiology·Hisashi NagaiKen-Ichi Yoshida
Feb 7, 2014·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Richard P MattickMarina Davoli
Apr 8, 2014·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·Hwee Min D LeePaul I Dargan
Apr 9, 2014·Pharmacotherapy·Megan E Musselman, Jeremy P Hampton
May 21, 2014·Current Opinion in Psychiatry·Hong-qiang SunLin Lu
Jun 21, 2014·Journal of Addiction Medicine·Kirsten OppekOliver Pogarell
Oct 15, 2014·Journal of Addiction Medicine·J Paul SealeJ Aaron Johnson
Oct 25, 2014·Case Reports in Psychiatry·Yahya Ayhan AcarOrhan Cınar
Oct 29, 2014·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Suad Al-AbriNeal L Benowitz
Nov 20, 2014·European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·V PaulyJ Micallef
Dec 6, 2014·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Andrew McAuleyJ Roy Robertson
Jan 28, 2015·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Anna RickliMatthias E Liechti
Feb 7, 2015·World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)·Fabrizio SchifanoJohn M Corkery

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 28, 2016·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Rachel M DeaconNicholas Lintzeris
Jul 15, 2016·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Olof BeckAnders Helander
Jun 29, 2017·Human Psychopharmacology·Amira GuirguisFabrizio Schifano
Jun 16, 2017·Human Psychopharmacology·Máté Kapitány-FövényZsolt Demetrovics
Mar 16, 2018·Drug Metabolism Reviews·Leandro Nóbrega, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
May 30, 2019·Drug Testing and Analysis·Terhi N KeltanenIlkka A Ojanperä
Feb 13, 2019·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Thomas G RosanoMichelle Wood
Aug 7, 2019·Harvard Review of Psychiatry·Vinícius Dokkedal-SilvaMonica Levy Andersen
Mar 3, 2020·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Massimo LanciaCristiana Gambelunghe
Sep 10, 2020·Brain Sciences·Liana FattoreMaria Paola Castelli
Nov 5, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jiri PatockaKamil Kuca
Aug 10, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Jianfa GaoPhong K Thai

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.