Abstract
In recent years, new amphetamine derivatives with modified ring systems were sold and consumed as new drugs of abuse. They belong together with other new drugs of abuse classes to the so-called new psychoactive substances (NPS). The chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, metabolism, and toxicokinetics are shortly discussed of camfetamine, 3 methylphenyl-amphetamines (2-MA, 3-MA, and 4-MA), 2-methiopropamine (2-MPA), and 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran (5-APB), 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran (6-APB, so-called "benzofury") and their N-methyl derivatives 5-MAPB and 6-MAPB. Only a rough assessment of the pharmacology and toxicology NPS can be performed in most cases using published data of analogs, trip reports, and described clinical cases. Accordingly, they all act more or less as central nervous stimulants mainly by increasing the concentration of the neurotransmitters noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin (5-HT) by inducing their release and reuptake inhibition. Thus, the acute toxicity is associated with the sympathomimetic effects, such as mydriasis, hyperthermia, hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, and anxiety. With the exception of 5- and 6-APB, these NPS were extensively metabolized by N-demethylation and/or aromatic hydroxylatio...Continue Reading
References
Dec 1, 1990·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·R A Higgs, R A Glennon
Jan 1, 1989·Chronobiology International·C da S PlanetaR DeLucia
Jul 1, 1989·Medicine, Science, and the Law·T S BalA R Forrest
Jan 1, 1987·General Pharmacology·R DeLuciaM L Aizenstein
Jan 1, 1987·General Pharmacology·C S PlanetaM L Aizenstein
Aug 1, 1983·Biochemical Pharmacology·C A Seyfried
Jan 1, 1984·General Pharmacology·R DeLuciaM L Aizenstein
Jan 1, 1983·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·M L AizensteinR Delucia
Jan 1, 1995·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·C da S PlanetaR DeLucia
Aug 1, 1997·General Pharmacology·R DeLuciaC Scavone
Jan 6, 1999·Neuroreport·F X VollenweiderD Hell
Feb 5, 1999·Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology·D L NelsonR A Glennon
Mar 19, 2002·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Thomas Kraemer, Hans H Maurer
Feb 6, 2004·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·David E Nichols
Jan 29, 2005·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·S WeeW L Woolverton
Jun 25, 2005·Current Drug Metabolism·Roland F Staack, Hans H Maurer
Oct 31, 2006·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·S S NegusR B Rothman
Nov 16, 2006·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Richard B Rothman, Michael H Baumann
Dec 9, 2008·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Paul J WellmanBruce E Blough
Sep 22, 2009·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·Heather L KimmelLeonard L Howell
Jun 15, 2010·Current Drug Metabolism·Markus R Meyer, Hans H Maurer
Aug 5, 2010·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Hans H Maurer
Jan 14, 2011·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·Michael H BaumannRichard B Rothman
Jul 20, 2011·Drug Testing and Analysis·D AngelovP Kavanagh
Mar 6, 2012·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Sean DavisKaren Rands-Trevor
Sep 4, 2012·Journal of Chromatography. a·Sabina Strano-RossiMarcello Chiarotti
Dec 25, 2012·European Journal of Pharmacology·Les IversenBryan L Roth
Jan 26, 2013·Drug Testing and Analysis·Andrzej StanczukPierce Kavanagh
Jan 31, 2013·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Jessica WelterHans H Maurer
Apr 24, 2013·Journal of Separation Science·Anders Just PedersenKristian Linnet
Jun 5, 2013·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·Wui Ling ChanPaul I Dargan
Jun 21, 2013·Journal of Psychopharmacology·P BlanckaertJch van Bussel
Jan 24, 2014·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Jessica WelterHans H Maurer
Mar 29, 2014·Journal of Psychopharmacology·A Richard Green, David J Nutt
Apr 8, 2014·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·Hwee Min D LeePaul I Dargan
May 16, 2014·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Jessica WelterHans H Maurer
Aug 12, 2014·Toxicology Letters·Julia DingerHans H Maurer
Aug 20, 2014·BioMed Research International·Eduardo CinosiMassimo di Giannantonio
Nov 29, 2014·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Iain M McIntyreRobert Stabley
Dec 3, 2014·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Piotr AdamowiczBogumiła Byrska
Dec 5, 2014·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Jessica WelterHans H Maurer
Feb 1, 2015·Biochemical Pharmacology·Markus R MeyerHans H Maurer
Feb 26, 2015·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Jessica WelterHans H Maurer
Mar 15, 2015·British Journal of Pharmacology·Anna RickliMatthias E Liechti
Citations
May 6, 2016·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Cristina MilianoMaria Antonietta De Luca
May 31, 2016·Analytica Chimica Acta·Markus R Meyer, Hans H Maurer
May 9, 2016·Annals of Emergency Medicine·Katharina E HoferChristine Rauber-Lüthy
Jul 4, 2016·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Marie MardalMarkus R Meyer
Feb 10, 2016·Drug Testing and Analysis·Cuimei LiuZhendong Hua
Nov 29, 2016·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Michelle A SahaiJolanta Opacka-Juffry
Jan 1, 2017·Environment International·Emma Gracia-LorLubertus Bijlsma
Jan 15, 2017·Drug Testing and Analysis·A G FragkakiM Tsivou
Oct 28, 2017·Drug Testing and Analysis·Rachele RocchiDario Compagnone
Jul 3, 2016·Archives of Toxicology·H H Maurer, Markus R Meyer
Jul 20, 2019·Addiction·Johan Duflou
Jul 10, 2018·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Jin Young KimMoon Kyo In
Mar 22, 2018·Clinical Chemistry·Annelies CannaertChristophe P Stove
Jan 18, 2019·Molecular Informatics·James W FirmanMark T D Cronin
Sep 26, 2016·Archives of Toxicology·Markus R Meyer
Jan 9, 2019·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Lea WagmannMarkus R Meyer
Feb 7, 2019·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Rita Roque BravoDiana Dias da Silva
Jul 6, 2019·Frontiers in Chemistry·Howbeer MuhamadaliRoyston Goodacre
Feb 11, 2020·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Miguel Reyes-ParadaBruce K Cassels
Jul 16, 2017·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Bernardino BarcelóFrancesco Paolo Busardò
Nov 7, 2018·Psychopharmacology·Amy J EshlemanAaron Janowsky
Aug 10, 2018·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Hyewon SeoJin Hong
Sep 2, 2020·European Journal of Pharmacology·Leandro Val SaysonJae Hoon Cheong
Jan 2, 2021·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Nicole S Jones, Jeffrey H Comparin
Feb 13, 2021·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Vanessa HofmannMarc Bartel