New therapies for vascular anomalies of the GI tract

Minerva pediatrica
Victor L Fox

Abstract

Vascular anomalies are a morphologically and biologically diverse group of vascular channel abnormalities that are often congenital but may evolve or change over time in the developing child. Classification is based on a combination of physical and biological properties and clinical behavior that differentiate primarily between tumors and malformations and includes a few provisionally unclassified lesions. Anomalies of the GI tract may present clinically with GI bleeding, abdominal pain, high-output cardiac failure, and malabsorption. This review focuses on new therapies for the treatment of GI bleeding. Important new pharmacological therapies include treatment of hemangioma with non-selective and selective beta-antagonist agents, propranolol and atenolol, and treatment of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome and CAT/MLT with sirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR. Therapeutic endoscopy may offer an effective alternative to bowel resection for colonic varices and other focal vascular anomalies of the GI tract that fail to respond to pharmacological therapy.

Citations

Oct 3, 2021·Pediatrics in Review·Robert D Baker, Susan S Baker

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