Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is a major sequela of the bacterial meningitis associated in particular with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Recent studies have shown pneumolysin, a toxin elaborated by S. pneumoniae, to be cytotoxic to the guinea pig cochlea. The mechanisms of this cytotoxicity are, however, not fully understood. In the present study this deleterious action of pneumolysin has been shown to be blocked by pretreating the cochlea with NG-methyl-L-arginine, a known inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Furthermore, pretreatment of the cochlea with MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, was also found to confer marked protection from the action of pneumolysin. This latter finding is consistent with previous reports that excess stimulation of NMDA receptors within the cochlea, an event known to lead to excess nitric oxide release, have similar effects on the cochlea as pneumolysin perfusion. It would therefore appear that nitric oxide may represent a significant link in the chain of events leading to the deafness of bacterial meningitis.
References
Sep 11, 1992·Brain Research·R Janssen
Feb 1, 1991·Hearing Research·J L PuelM Eybalin
Feb 1, 1991·Trends in Neurosciences·J Garthwaite
Feb 1, 1991·Archives of Disease in Childhood·M J TarlowM P Osborne
Jul 1, 1991·Infection and Immunity·J C PatonG J Boulnois
Sep 1, 1990·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·B Meldrum, J Garthwaite
Jul 1, 1990·Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique·M P Osborne, S D Comis
Jun 1, 1989·Biochemical Pharmacology·S MoncadaE A Higgs
Nov 1, 1989·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D S Bredt, S H Snyder
Nov 24, 1988·Nature·J GarthwaiteR Chess-Williams
Sep 1, 1994·Hearing Research·C J ZdanskiH C Pillsbury
Mar 1, 1993·Acta Oto-laryngologica·S D ComisG J Boulnois
Citations
May 15, 2003·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·Jonathan B HansonTimothy T K Jung
Jul 18, 2002·Hearing Research·Mao Li DuanUlf Rosenhall
Dec 4, 2003·Hearing Research·Thomas C KellyLeonard P Rybak
Feb 3, 1998·Hearing Research·R S RuanK H Yeoh
Feb 17, 2000·Hearing Research·M TakumidaD M Zhang
Apr 1, 1997·Microbial Drug Resistance : MDR : Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Disease·T J Mitchell, P W Andrew
Mar 1, 1996·Trends in Microbiology·J C Paton
Dec 18, 2007·Infection·M KleinH-W Pfister
Nov 26, 2005·Acta Oto-laryngologica·Masaya Takumida, Matti Anniko
Apr 13, 2002·Hearing Research·Xiaorui ShiAlfred L Nuttall
Jun 19, 2001·Brain Research·S KastenbauerH W Pfister
May 1, 1997·Acta Oto-laryngologica·F R AmaeeM J Tarlow
Jul 14, 2000·Acta Oto-laryngologica·R PopaM Takumida
Apr 25, 2000·Acta Oto-laryngologica·M Takumida, M Anniko
Jan 12, 2007·Progress in Neurobiology·Matthias KleinHans-Walter Pfister
Mar 1, 1997·Annals of Saudi Medicine·S L Kaplan
May 15, 2003·Brain Pathology·Matthias KleinStefan Kastenbauer
Jul 23, 1999·Infection and Immunity·J S BraunJ L Shenep
Nov 14, 1997·Infection and Immunity·A J WinterT J Mitchell