Nicotine administration reduces neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y mRNA concentrations in the rat hypothalamus: NPY may mediate nicotine's effects on energy balance

Brain Research
H M FrankishG Williams

Abstract

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is synthesized in arcuate (ARC) neurons which project principally to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). NPY injected into the PVN causes hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure and eventually obesity, effects which are opposed by nicotine. We aimed to investigate whether nicotine's effects on energy balance might be mediated by inhibition of hypothalamic NPYergic neurons. Nicotine or saline was given for 1 or 12 days using osmotic minipumps, and additional groups of rats were food-restricted to the intake of the nicotine-treated groups to allow for the effects of hypophagia on hypothalamic NPY. One day's nicotine treatment (12 mg/kg/day) reduced food intake by 30% (P < 0.001) and body weight by 2% (P < 0.01 vs. controls). NPY mRNA levels were significantly reduced by 40% (P < 0.05) and NPY concentrations fell significantly by 33% in the ARC and PVN (both P < 0.01). Matched food restriction also reduced NPY levels significantly in the ARC and PVN (P < 0.02 vs. controls) but had no effect on NPY mRNA. 12 days' nicotine treatment (12 mg/kg/day) lowered cumulative food intake by 8% (P = 0.02) and body weight by 10% (P < 0.05). NPY mRNA levels rose by 40% (P < 0.05), while NPY levels again fell in the ARC and PV...Continue Reading

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