Nidovirales: evolving the largest RNA virus genome

Virus Research
Alexander E GorbalenyaEric J Snijder

Abstract

This review focuses on the monophyletic group of animal RNA viruses united in the order Nidovirales. The order includes the distantly related coronaviruses, toroviruses, and roniviruses, which possess the largest known RNA genomes (from 26 to 32kb) and will therefore be called "large" nidoviruses in this review. They are compared with their arterivirus cousins, which also belong to the Nidovirales despite having a much smaller genome (13-16kb). Common and unique features that have been identified for either large or all nidoviruses are outlined. These include the nidovirus genetic plan and genome diversity, the composition of the replicase machinery and virus particles, virus-specific accessory genes, the mechanisms of RNA and protein synthesis, and the origin and evolution of nidoviruses with small and large genomes. Nidoviruses employ single-stranded, polycistronic RNA genomes of positive polarity that direct the synthesis of the subunits of the replicative complex, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and helicase. Replicase gene expression is under the principal control of a ribosomal frameshifting signal and a chymotrypsin-like protease, which is assisted by one or more papain-like proteases. A nested set of subgenom...Continue Reading

References

Sep 1, 1991·The Journal of General Virology·E V Koonin
Jun 11, 1990·Nucleic Acids Research·A A de VriesW J Spaan
Nov 11, 1989·Nucleic Acids Research·A E Gorbalenya, E V Koonin
Jan 1, 1987·The Journal of General Virology·M E BoursnellM M Binns
Jun 1, 1984·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M M LaiS A Stohlman
Sep 1, 1983·The Journal of General Virology·M WeissM C Horzinek
Nov 1, 1993·The Journal of General Virology·E J Snijder, M C Horzinek
Nov 15, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·B JiangR I Glass
Feb 4, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L C van DintenE J Snijder
Jan 1, 1997·Annual Review of Microbiology·E Domingo, J J Holland
May 29, 1998·The Journal of General Virology·E J Snijder, J J Meulenberg
Jun 5, 1998·Nucleic Acids Research·J R Pehrson, R N Fuji
Oct 16, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·G van MarleE J Snijder
Nov 26, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J W Drake, J J Holland
Jul 13, 2000·Virology·W A Miller, G Koev
Aug 31, 2000·Annual Review of Biochemistry·T A Kunkel, K Bebenek
Feb 27, 2001·Nucleic Acids Research·Y Zuo, M P Deutscher
Feb 14, 2002·The Journal of General Virology·Annette Hegyi, John Ziebuhr
Mar 12, 2002·Virology·Chih-Wen PengValerian V Dolja
Jun 22, 2002·Trends in Biochemical Sciences·François FerronBruno Canard

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 13, 2006·Clinical & Developmental Immunology·Klara K ErikssonVolker Thiel
Feb 18, 2014·Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography·Chi-Yuan ChouYa-Wen Chou
Jan 5, 2014·The Journal of Microbiology·Sang-Im Yun, Young-Min Lee
May 2, 2013·Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography·Cheng Guo WuChi Yuan Chou
Jan 15, 2014·DNA and Cell Biology·Megan Mary AngeliniMichael J Buchmeier
Jun 17, 2014·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Beth L Nicholson, K Andrew White
Aug 3, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Stefano RicagnoBruno Canard
Mar 16, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jan Mrázek, Samuel Karlin
Apr 24, 2014·Antonie van Leeuwenhoek·Eugene V Koonin
Nov 7, 2014·Interdisciplinary Sciences, Computational Life Sciences·Suza Mohammad NurTahmina Sharmin
Nov 3, 2014·Annual Review of Virology·Everett Clinton SmithMark R Denison
Aug 17, 2006·Journal of Virology·Marie-Pierre EgloffBruno Canard
Aug 25, 2006·Journal of Virology·Stanley G SawickiStuart G Siddell
Sep 22, 2006·Journal of Virology·Heike SchützeJohn Ziebuhr
Nov 3, 2006·Journal of Virology·Krzysztof PyrcLia van der Hoek
Mar 17, 2007·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Charlotte Dye, Stuart G Siddell
Jun 1, 2007·Journal of Virology·Nancy BeerensBruno Canard
Sep 28, 2007·Journal of Virology·Hyojeung KangC Cheng Kao
Dec 14, 2007·Journal of Virology·Gergely TekesHeinz-Jürgen Thiel
Feb 15, 2008·Journal of Virology·José L MorenoIsabel Sola
Aug 1, 2008·Journal of Virology·Alessio LorussoRaoul J de Groot
Jul 23, 2009·Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography·Ioannis ManolaridisPaul A Tucker

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
dissection

Software Mentioned

ExoN
ClustalX1

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.