Nipple-Areola Complex Reconstruction

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Alexander J GougoutasDavid W Mathes

Abstract

After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand how to determine nipple-areola complex positioning on the reconstructed breast. 2. Understand the multitude of local flap and distant graft options for nipple-areola complex reconstruction. 3. Draw at least three fundamental nipple-areola complex reconstruction patterns. 4. Understand the forces that are responsible for flattening of the reconstructed papule. 5. Understand the current techniques used in secondary nipple-areola complex reconstructions. Nipple-areola complex reconstruction and tattooing represent the final two stages of breast reconstruction. Nipple-areola complex reconstruction is typically accomplished with the use of local flaps, local flaps with augmentation grafts, or a combination thereof. Regardless of the technique used, however, all nipple-areola complex reconstructions lose a degree of projection over time. Options for secondary reconstruction include the use of local tissue flaps alone or in combination with acellular biological matrices.

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Citations

Sep 18, 2018·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Andrea SistiLuca Grimaldi
Jun 21, 2020·Medicina·Andrea Sisti
Nov 21, 2020·Aesthetic Plastic Surgery·Guido PaoliniFabio Santanelli di Pompeo
Mar 27, 2021·Archives of Plastic Surgery·Sara TaniniGiulia Lo Russo
Mar 25, 2020·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Maggie ChowShang I Brian Jiang
Apr 20, 2021·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open·Jean-Claude D Schwartz
Aug 26, 2021·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Chris A Campbell, Albert Losken
Aug 24, 2021·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open·Stahs Pripotnev, J Scott Williamson

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