Nitrate and Inhibition of Ruminal Methanogenesis: Microbial Ecology, Obstacles, and Opportunities for Lowering Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock

Frontiers in Microbiology
Chengjian YangRobert J Wallace

Abstract

Ruminal methane production is among the main targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation for the animal agriculture industry. Many compounds have been evaluated for their efficacy to suppress enteric methane production by ruminal microorganisms. Of these, nitrate as an alternative hydrogen sink has been among the most promising, but it suffers from variability in efficacy for reasons that are not understood. The accumulation of nitrite, which is poisonous when absorbed into the animal's circulation, is also variable and poorly understood. This review identifies large gaps in our knowledge of rumen microbial ecology that handicap the further development and safety of nitrate as a dietary additive. Three main bacterial species have been associated historically with ruminal nitrate reduction, namely Wolinella succinogenes, Veillonella parvula, and Selenomonas ruminantium, but others almost certainly exist in the largely uncultivated ruminal microbiota. Indications are strong that ciliate protozoa can reduce nitrate, but the significance of their role relative to bacteria is not known. The metabolic fate of the reduced nitrate has not been studied in detail. It is important to be sure that nitrate metabolism and efforts to enhance ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 14, 2016·Animal : an International Journal of Animal Bioscience·P LlonchS P Turner
Mar 30, 2017·Frontiers in Microbiology·Jessie GuyaderKaren A Beauchemin
Feb 6, 2017·Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology·Amlan PatraZhongtang Yu
Oct 8, 2020·Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition·Yuhua HePeihua You
Oct 11, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Lucie LangovaVladimir Chrast
Nov 12, 2020·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)Christer Hogstrand
Jul 9, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Somdipta BagchiManaswini Behera

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
amplicon sequencing
PCR

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