Nitrate removal in riparian wetlands: interactions between surface flow and soils

Journal of Environmental Quality
J C Rutherford, M L Nguyen

Abstract

Riparian wetlands containing springs are thought to be ineffective at removing nitrate because contact times between the upwelled ground water and the underlying microbially active soils are short. Tracer experiments using lithium bromide (LiBr) and nitrate (NO3-N) injected at the surface were used to quantify residence times and NO3-N removal in a riparian swale characteristic of New Zealand hill-country pasture. An experimental enclosure was used with collecting trays at the downstream end to measure flow and concentration, shallow wells to measure subsurface concentrations, and an array of logging conductivity probes to monitor tracer continuously. The majority of added tracer reached the outlet more slowly than could be explained by surface flow, but more quickly than could be explained by Darcy seepage flow. There was evidence from the wells of tracer diffusing vertically to a depth of at least 5 cm into the surface soil layer, which was permanently saturated and highly porous. During dry weather 24 +/- 9% of added NO3-N was removed over a distance of 1.5 m largely by denitrification. The net uptake length coefficient for this wetland (K = 0.08 +/- 0.03 m(-1)) is slightly higher than the range (K = 0.01-0.07 m(-1)) measure...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 1, 1976·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·C L Rutherford, J F Harris
Sep 18, 2014·Environmental Management·Andrew O Hughes, John M Quinn
Jan 6, 2010·Journal of Environmental Quality·Michael A O'Driscoll, David R DeWalle
Oct 27, 2012·Journal of Environmental Quality·Lucy A McKergowGraham C Timpany
May 30, 2015·Journal of Environmental Quality·Mark R WilliamsPeter J A Kleinman
Sep 10, 2004·Journal of Environmental Quality·Robert Collins
Aug 12, 2008·Journal of Environmental Quality·A K KnoxE R Atwill

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