Nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway with some emphasis on cavernosal contractility

International Journal of Impotence Research
I F Ghalayini

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is formed from the conversion of L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which exists in three isoforms: neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS). nNOS is expressed in penile neurons innervating the corpus cavernosum, and eNOS protein expression has been identified primarily in both cavernosal smooth muscle and endothelium. NO is released from nerve endings and endothelial cells and stimulates the activity of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), leading to an increase in cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and, finally, to calcium depletion from the cytosolic space and cavernous smooth muscle relaxation. The effects of cGMP are mediated by cGMP dependent protein kinases, cGMP-gated ion channels, and cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDE). Thus, cGMP effect depends on the expression of a cell-specific cGMP-receptor protein in a given cell type. Numerous systemic vasculature diseases that cause erectile dysfunction (ED) are highly associated with endothelial dysfunction, which has been shown to contribute to decreased erectile function in men and a number of animal models of penile erection. Based on the increasing knowledge of intracellular signal propagation in cavernous smooth muscle ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 26, 2010·World Journal of Urology·Kelly DecaluwéJohan Van de Voorde
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