PMID: 9182844Jun 30, 1997Paper

Nitric oxide synthase in learning-relevant nuclei of the chick brain: morphology, distribution, and relation to transmitter phenotypes

The Journal of Comparative Neurology
C S von Bartheld, A Schober

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in learning in the hatchling chicken. To examine morphological and neurochemical properties of neurons that contain NO synthase (NOS) in brain regions known to be involved in learning and memory, the NADPH-diaphorase technique was used in conjunction with immunocytochemistry and tract tracing. A distinct cell type was NOS-labeled in the lobus parolfactorius (LPO) in the telencephalon, and neurons were labeled in the area ventralis of Tsai (AVT), the substantia nigra (nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus, pars compacta, TPc), and the locus coeruleus in the brainstem. Thus, NO may influence processes of learning and memory in the forebrain after release from intrinsic neurons and/or from extrinsic NOS-projections originating from the brainstem. DiI-tracing revealed that most of the NOS-positive neurons in the AVT/TPc project to the basal forebrain. The majority of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (presumptive dopaminergic) neurons in the AVT and TPc expressed NOS. Double-labeling with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, somatostatin, and the neurotrophin receptor as a marker for noradrenergic coeruleus neurons showed that NOS was not colocalized with noradrenergic or so...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 18, 2004·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Michael A Farries

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