No change in myonuclear number during muscle unloading and reloading

Journal of Applied Physiology
Jo C BruusgaardKristian Gundersen

Abstract

Muscle fibers are the cells in the body with the largest volume, and they have multiple nuclei serving different domains of cytoplasm. A large body of previous literature has suggested that atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension leads to a loss of "excessive" myonuclei by apoptosis. We demonstrate here that atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension does not lead to loss of myonuclei despite a strong increase in apoptotic activity of other types of nuclei within the muscle tissue. Thus hindlimb suspension turns out to be similar to other atrophy models such as denervation, nerve impulse block, and antagonist ablation. We discuss how the different outcome of various studies can be attributed to difficulties in separating myonuclei from other nuclei, and to systematic differences in passive properties between normal and unloaded muscles. During reload, after hindlimb suspension, a radial regrowth is observed, which has been believed to be accompanied by recruitment of new myonuclei from satellite cells. The lack of nuclear loss during unloading, however, puts these findings into question. We observed that reload led to an increase in cross sectional area of 59%, and fiber size was completely restored to the presuspension levels. Desp...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 17, 2012·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·Janna R JacksonEsther E Dupont-Versteegden
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Aug 24, 2017·The Journal of Physiology·Celeste C FinnertyChristopher S Fry

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis