No neurochemical evidence of brain injury after blast overpressure by repeated explosions or firing heavy weapons

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
Kaj BlennowHenrik Zetterberg

Abstract

Psychiatric and neurological symptoms are common among soldiers exposed to blast without suffering a direct head injury. It is not known whether such symptoms are direct consequences of blast overpressure. To examine if repeated detonating explosions or firing if of heavy weapons is associated with neurochemical evidence of brain damage. Three controlled experimental studies. In the first, army officers were exposed to repeated firing of a FH77B howitzer or a bazooka. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken post-exposure to measure biomarkers for brain damage. In the second, officers were exposed for up to 150 blasts by firing a bazooka, and in the third to 100 charges of detonating explosives of 180 dB. Serial serum samples were taken after exposure. Results were compared with a control group consisting of 19 unexposed age-matched healthy volunteers. The CSF biomarkers for neuronal/axonal damage (tau and neurofilament protein), glial cell injury (GFAP and S-100b), blood-brain barrier damage (CSF/serum albumin ratio) and hemorrhages (hemoglobin and bilirubin) and the serum GFAP and S-100b showed normal and stable levels in all exposed officers. Repeated exposure to high-impact blast does not result in any neurochemical evidence of ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 13, 2013·Nature Reviews. Neurology·Henrik ZetterbergKaj Blennow
Sep 19, 2014·Molecular Neurodegeneration·Sam GandySteven T DeKosky
Jun 3, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Allan Ropper
Jul 3, 2013·Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association·Michael W WeinerMaria C Carrillo
Sep 12, 2015·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·Joseph O OjoFiona Crawford
Dec 17, 2015·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Yan LiJohn M Cavanaugh
Apr 2, 2016·Neurosurgical Focus·James PanGerald Grant
Jul 26, 2013·Lancet Neurology·Jeffrey V RosenfeldGeoffrey S Ling
Sep 17, 2016·Nature Reviews. Neurology·Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow
Sep 15, 2020·Biomedical Optics Express·Yuye WangJianquan Yao
Nov 18, 2016·Nature Reviews. Disease Primers·Kaj BlennowHenrik Zetterberg
May 11, 2021·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·Tamara L BakerSandy R Shultz

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