PMID: 2488449Jan 1, 1989Paper

Non-invasive diagnosis of carotid artery disease

Bulletin de la Société belge d'ophtalmologie
D Duprez

Abstract

Non-invasive carotid evaluation has been developed in an effort to delineate safely the pathological anatomy and hemodynamic effects of carotid atherosclerotic disease. Non-invasive tests can be divided into direct tests which examine the hemodynamics. Following tests are considered as indirect tests: ophthalmodynamometry, doppler examination, oculoplethysmography and as direct tests: phonoangiography, Doppler ultrasound en Duplex scanning. A combination of a direct and indirect test will augment the sensitivity and specificity of the evaluation of carotid artery disease.

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