Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management

Nigerian Journal of Medicine : Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
F K SalawuA B Olokoba

Abstract

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are a key determinant of health, quality of life (QoL) and societal cost of PD. They are often less appreciated than motor symptoms but are important sources of disability for many PD patients. Literature search was performed using the reference databases Medline, Science Citation Index and EMBASE. The keywords used were 'non-motor symptoms', Parkinson's disease, olfaction and constipation. Papers discovered by this search were reviewed, as were references cited therein. Contrary to common perception, many NMS of PD occur early in PD and some may even predate the diagnosis of PD that is based on motor signs. These include olfactory deficit, sleep problems such as rapid eye movement behaviour disorder, constipation and the more recently described male erectile dysfunction. There is compelling evidence that non-motor symptoms of PD play a dominant role in the QoL and disability of PD patients and the QoL of their 'informal' carers. Effective clinical management of PD therefore demands that these symptoms be identified and to the extent possible treated.

Citations

Nov 8, 2014·Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·Ning ZhangYingdong Zhang
Apr 7, 2015·Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·Julie Anja Engelhard ChristensenHelge Bjarrup Dissing Sorensen
Mar 8, 2016·Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine·Jaechan ParkYun-Hee Kim
Jul 12, 2017·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN·Fatemeh Nouri Emamzadeh
Dec 4, 2020·Journal of Drug Targeting·Panoraia I SiafakaNeslihan Üstündağ Okur
Nov 17, 2020·Complementary Therapies in Medicine·Anna KamieniarzGrzegorz Juras

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