Abstract
1. Experiments were carried out in unanaesthetized fetal sheep to evaluate the significance of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptor neurotransmission in the expression of fetal breathing movements. Catheters placed in the trachea and amniotic fluid and electrodes beneath the parietal bones and in the nuchal muscle were used to monitor breath amplitude and frequency and fetal behavioural state. 2. Experiments were carried out by instillation of neurotransmitter agonists, antagonists or receptor modulators into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the fourth ventricle by means of a chronic catheter introduced through the foramen magnum. 3. The non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) decreased respiratory rate in a dose dependent manner by lengthening both inspiratory time (T1) and expiratory time (T0). 4. Kainate and (R,S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) increased breath amplitude. Instillation of the antagonist 2,3-dihydro-6-nitro-7-sulphamoyl-benzo(f) quinoxaline (NBQX) prior to administering AMPA resulted in apnoea, which was not overcome by the agonist. 5. Cyclothiazide, which has been shown to prevent desensitization of AMPA receptors, caused an increase in...Continue Reading
References
Jul 1, 1992·Neuron·I M Raman, L O Trussell
Jun 1, 1991·The Journal of Physiology·J J GreerJ L Feldman
Jul 1, 1991·Respiration Physiology·G H DillonT G Waldrop
Nov 15, 1991·Brain Research·R JungP G Katona
Aug 1, 1990·Journal of Neurophysiology·G LiuJ C Smith
Aug 1, 1990·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·O S BamfordC E Blanco
Aug 1, 1990·Pediatric Research·J M BissonnetteN F Notoroberto
Jun 5, 1989·Brain Research·K M Harris, R J Miller
Aug 1, 1989·Neuron·L O Trussell, G D Fischbach
Dec 1, 1986·The Journal of Physiology·O S BamfordR A Ward
Jan 1, 1972·The Journal of Physiology·G S DawesR T Richards
Jul 1, 1995·The Journal of Physiology·D A GiussaniM A Hanson
Nov 1, 1995·Neuron·J S Diamond, C E Jahr
Apr 1, 1995·Neuron·K M PartinM L Mayer
Feb 1, 1995·Anesthesiology·D H PenningB Atkins
Feb 1, 1994·The Journal of Physiology·O PierreficheM Denavit-Saubié
May 1, 1994·Respiration Physiology·J M BissonnetteS J Knopp
Jun 1, 1993·Journal of Applied Physiology·E E NattieA Li
Sep 15, 1995·The Journal of Physiology·J M BissonnetteS J Knopp
Citations
Apr 18, 2012·Endocrinology·Carlos A CamposRobert C Ritter
Mar 16, 2000·Drugs·G J Lees
Apr 17, 2002·The Journal of Physiology·R J A WilsonJ E Remmers
Mar 30, 2010·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·J TuressonL Sundin
Nov 26, 2015·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·Dirk HeitzmannJoerg Thomas
Mar 11, 2010·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·John M BissonnetteSharon J Knopp
Oct 31, 2000·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·A PanigrahyH C Kinney
Feb 9, 2000·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·G M WhitneyD Gozal
Jul 28, 2001·CNS Drug Reviews·H HirbecJ Vignon
Jun 10, 2000·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·J M Bissonnette