Non-Prescribed Hormone Use and Barriers to Care for Transgender Women in San Francisco

LGBT Health
Gene de HaanH Fisher Raymond

Abstract

Inconsistent access to healthcare represents a barrier to transgender patients receiving hormone therapy through a licensed provider. Inability to access care leads many transgender people to buy hormones from unlicensed sources and transition without medical supervision. Little is known about the factors predisposing people to rely on this method of transition. It is critical to understand what leads to non-prescribed hormone use to better support safe medical transitions for transgender people. We conducted an analysis of a study with 314 transwomen in San Francisco from August-December 2010, using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). The study collected information on demographics, hormone use, gender identity milestones, violence and trauma experienced due to gender identity, substance use, sexually transmitted infections, law enforcement contact and sexual behaviors. We evaluated whether these demographic and behavioral characteristics were correlated in the following outcomes: taking hormones not prescribed by providers and taking hormones consistently without interruptions. Data demonstrate that 68.7% of transwomen were currently on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) but only 41% reported being on hormones consistently. In a...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jan 31, 2016·Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity·Jamie FeldmanJoshua D Safer
Jul 20, 2016·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Kenneth H MayerWafaa M El-Sadr
Feb 1, 2017·Journal of Sex Research·Rob StephensonJosé A Bauermeister
Mar 7, 2019·ANS. Advances in Nursing Science·Ethan C CiceroJanice C Humphreys
Oct 30, 2019·Psychiatric Services : a Journal of the American Psychiatric Association·Sarah P CarterRaymond Tucker
Apr 15, 2020·Perspectives in Psychiatric Care·Joseph P De SantisEthan C Cicero
Apr 12, 2019·Transgender Health·Ana Cristina Garcia FerreiraBeatriz Grinsztejn
Mar 28, 2020·Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery·Michael HughesNatasha Ginzburg
Sep 19, 2017·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·Elizabeth A SilberholzAmy E Pattishall
Nov 3, 2020·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·D Boomsma, G Lahoud
Feb 20, 2021·Annals of the American Thoracic Society·Grant A TurnerHeather M Strah
Aug 15, 2021·Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine·Landon D HughesArline T Geronimus

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
hormone replacement therapy

Software Mentioned

Respondent Driven Sampling Analysis Tool
STATA

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