Non-syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Marcella MartinelliLuca Scapoli

Abstract

The epithelial and mesenchymal cells involved in early embryonic facial development are guided by complex regulatory mechanisms. Any factor perturbing the growth, approach and fusion of the frontonasal and maxillary processes could result in orofacial clefts that represent the most common craniofacial malformations in humans. The rarest and, probably for this reason, the least studied form of cleft involves only the secondary palate, which is posterior to the incisive foramen. The etiology of cleft palate only is multifactorial and involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. The intention of this review is to give the reader an overview of the efforts made by researchers to shed light on the underlying causes of this birth defect. Most of the scientific papers suggesting potential environmental and genetic causes of non-syndromic cleft palate are summarized in this review, including genome-wide association and gene-environment interaction studies.

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Citations

Mar 12, 2021·Global Medical Genetics·Mahamad Irfanulla KhanNarasimha Murthy Srinath
Jun 5, 2021·Mutation Research. Reviews in Mutation Research·Ghenwa NasreddineMichella Ghassibe-Sabbagh

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
exome sequencing

Software Mentioned

EUROCAT

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Birth Defects

Birth defects encompass structural and functional alterations that occur during embryonic or fetal development and are present since birth. The cause may be genetic, environmental or unknown and can result in physical and/or mental impairment. Here is the latest research on birth defects.

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