Nonequilibrium forces following quenches in active and thermal matter

Physical Review. E
Christian M RohwerMatthias Krüger

Abstract

Nonequilibrium systems with conserved quantities like density or momentum are known to exhibit long-ranged correlations. This, in turn, leads to long-ranged fluctuation-induced (Casimir) forces, predicted to arise in a variety of nonequilibrium settings. Here, we study such forces, which arise transiently between parallel plates or compact inclusions in a gas of particles, following a change ("quench") in temperature or activity of the medium. Analytical calculations, as well as numerical simulations of passive or active Brownian particles, indicate two distinct forces: (i) The immediate effect of the quench is adsorption or desorption of particles of the medium to the immersed objects, which in turn initiates a front of relaxing (mean) density. This leads to time-dependent density-induced forces. (ii) A long-term effect of the quench is that density fluctuations are modified, manifested as transient (long-ranged) (pair-)correlations that relax diffusively to their (short-ranged) steady-state limit. As a result, transient fluctuation-induced forces emerge. We discuss the properties of fluctuation-induced and density-induced forces as regards universality, relaxation as a function of time, and scaling with distance between objec...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 3, 2020·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Christian M RohwerMatthias Krüger
Dec 18, 2020·Physical Review. E·Thomas Schindler, Christian M Rohwer
May 1, 2021·Physical Review Letters·Saeed Mahdisoltani, Ramin Golestanian
Jun 30, 2021·Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal·M R NejadA G Moghaddam

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