Nonequilibrium Precondensation of Classical Waves in Two Dimensions Propagating through Atomic Vapors

Physical Review Letters
Neven ŠantićRobin Kaiser

Abstract

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation, used to describe the dynamics of quantum fluids, is known to be valid not only for massive particles but also for the propagation of light in a nonlinear medium, predicting condensation of classical waves. Here we report on the initial evolution of random waves with Gaussian statistics using atomic vapors as an efficient two dimensional nonlinear medium. Experimental and theoretical analysis of near field images reveal a phenomenon of nonequilibrium precondensation, characterized by a fast relaxation towards a precondensate fraction of up to 75%. Such precondensation is in contrast to complete thermalization to the Rayleigh-Jeans equilibrium distribution, requiring prohibitive long interaction lengths.

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Citations

Dec 7, 2019·Physical Review Letters·Benjamin T WalkerFlorian Mintert
Nov 18, 2018·Physical Review Letters·Q FontaineQ Glorieux
Apr 13, 2019·Physical Review Letters·Adrien FusaroAntonio Picozzi
Oct 21, 2020·Physical Review. E·Sergey K IvanovNicolas Pavloff
Feb 20, 2021·Physical Review. E·Michelle O AraújoRobin Kaiser
May 22, 2021·Physical Review Letters·T BienaiméN Pavloff
Jul 24, 2021·Physical Review Letters·Clara PiekarskiQuentin Glorieux

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