PMID: 11909072Mar 23, 2002Paper

Nonequilibrium self-assembly of metals on diblock copolymer templates

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
W A Lopes

Abstract

Most studies of self-assembled systems reveal that the highest order is associated with equilibrium states of the system. By systematically studying metal decoration of diblock copolymer templates, I show that a high degree of order can arise under strongly nonequilibrium conditions. Under a wide range of conditions, thermally evaporated gold decorates ultrathin, asymmetric, polystyrene-b-polymethylmethacrylate diblock copolymer films with isolated nanoparticles. These particles aggregate into nanoparticle chains inside the polystyrene block with a selectivity approaching 100%. However, even at metal loading fractions of up to 30% by volume no coalescence into continuous nanowires is observed. This behavior is also shared by indium, tin, lead, bismuth, and silver at low coverage (<30 A nominal thickness). At high coverage (>100 A nominal thickness), however, silver self-assembles to form nanowires. One can understand the formation of the chains of nanoparticles by understanding the equilibrium state of the system (metal+polymer). The silver nanowires are highly nonequilibrium structures and, to the best of my knowledge, unexplained by existing theoretical models. Assuming an energy difference for metallic particles for either s...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 30, 2011·Nanoscale Research Letters·Vanna TorrisiGiovanni Marletta
Nov 26, 2008·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Jonathan R Davis, Athanassios Z Panagiotopoulos
May 20, 2014·Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry·E MetwalliP Müller-Buschbaum
Mar 24, 2005·Physical Review Letters·S A Hutcheson, G B McKenna
May 21, 2005·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·Ajay Gopinathan
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Aug 27, 2011·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·Minna SunJunxing Pan
Feb 28, 2008·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·E MetwalliP Müller-Buschbaum
Jul 4, 2009·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·E MetwalliP Müller-Buschbaum
Oct 29, 2010·ACS Nano·Iryna I PerepichkaC Geraldine Bazuin
May 18, 2013·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Ezzeldin MetwalliPeter Müller-Buschbaum
May 22, 2013·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·George AmarandeiDavid Corcoran
Aug 29, 2013·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·George AmarandeiDavid Corcoran
Apr 26, 2019·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Vaishali SethiAshok K Ganguli
Oct 28, 2021·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Sangho LeeCaroline A Ross

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