Nonequilibrium Steady State Generated by a Moving Defect: The Supersonic Threshold

Physical Review Letters
Alvise Bastianello, Andrea De Luca

Abstract

We consider the dynamics of a system of free fermions on a 1D lattice in the presence of a defect moving at constant velocity. The defect has the form of a localized time-dependent variation of the chemical potential and induces at long times a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS), which spreads around the defect. We present a general formulation that allows recasting the time-dependent protocol in a scattering problem on a static potential. We obtain a complete characterization of the NESS. In particular, we show a strong dependence on the defect velocity and the existence of a sharp threshold when such velocity exceeds the speed of sound. Beyond this value, the NESS is not produced and, remarkably, the defect travels without significantly perturbing the system. We present an exact solution for a δ-like defect traveling with an arbitrary velocity and we develop a semiclassical approximation that provides accurate results for smooth defects.

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Citations

May 15, 2018·Physical Review Letters·Bruno BertiniPasquale Calabrese
Oct 28, 2019·Nature Communications·Alberto BiellaLeonardo Mazza
Nov 8, 2019·Physical Review Letters·Alvise BastianelloJean-Sébastien Caux
Jul 20, 2019·Physical Review Letters·Alvise Bastianello, Andrea De Luca

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