Nongenomic signaling pathways triggered by thyroid hormones and their metabolite 3-iodothyronamine on the cardiovascular system

Journal of Cellular Physiology
F AxelbandM Einicker-Lamas

Abstract

Thyroid hormones play a wide range of important physiological activities in almost all organism. As changes in these hormones levels-observed in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism-promote serious derangements of the cardiovascular system, it is important to know their mechanisms of action. Although the classic genomic actions which are dependent on interaction with nuclear receptors to modulate cardiac myocytes genes expression, there is growing evidence about T(3) and T(4)-triggered nongenomic pathways, resulted from their binding to plasma membrane, cytoplasm, or mitocondrial receptors that leads to a rapidly regulation of cardiac functions. Interestingly both actions converge to amplify thyroid hormone effects on cardiovascular system. T(3) and T(4) nongenomic actions modify inotropic and chronotropic effects, cardiac action potential duration, cardiac growth, and myocyte shape by protein translation through protein kinases-dependent signaling cascades, which include PKA, PKC, PI3K, and MAPK, and changes on ion channels and pumps activity. In respect to the decreased systemic vascular resistance seen in hyperthyroidism, T(3) appears to activate NOS or ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. In addition, a novel biologically active T(4)...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 1, 2013·Journal of Thyroid Research·Johannes W DietrichElisavet H Fotiadou
Jan 9, 2013·The Journal of Endocrinology·Aline CordeiroCarmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura
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Mar 29, 2011·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Constantinos PantosDennis V Cokkinos
Jan 13, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Laia Cros-BrunsóJavier Blanco-Rivero

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