Noninvasive color Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow throughout pregnancy in sheep and goats

Theriogenology
M ElmetwallyS Meinecke-Tillmann

Abstract

In contrast to cattle or horses, uterine blood flow in small ruminants has been investigated predominantly after surgical intervention and chronic instrumentation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical applicability of noninvasive color Doppler sonography to characterize blood flow in the maternal uterine artery of sheep, n = 11 (18 pregnancies) and goats, n = 11 (20 pregnancies). The following parameters were measured transrectally or transabdominally: blood flow volume, time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), Time-averaged mean velocity, impedance of blood flow (AB or systolic/diastolic [S/D] velocity ratio), peak velocity of blood flow and blood flow acceleration. Examinations started 2 weeks after breeding and continued at 2-week intervals until parturition. Outcomes for sheep and goats were similar and will be discussed together. Based on noninvasive color Doppler sonography, blood flow volume increased (approximately 60-fold, P < 0.0001) until the end of pregnancy, with a rapid increase early in gestation, and a slow increase after week 18. Time-averaged maximum velocity in the uterine artery increased (approximately 4-fold; P < 0.0001) throughout ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 4, 2018·Reproduction, Fertility, and Development·Claire StenhouseCheryl J Ashworth
Jun 6, 2019·The Journal of Physiology·Oluwatobiloba OsikoyaStyliani Goulopoulou
Sep 13, 2018·Scientific Reports·Caroline J ShawChristoph C Lees
Mar 7, 2021·The Journal of Physiology·Brahmdeep S SainiMike Seed
May 21, 2021·Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan Gakkaihō·Mohammed A ElmetwallyWael Eldomany

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