Nonmaternal care in infancy and emotional/behavioral difficulties at 4 years old: moderation by family risk characteristics

Developmental Psychology
Sylvana M CôtéRichard E Tremblay

Abstract

The authors examined the role of familial risk and child characteristics in the association between the type of child care in infancy (maternal care [MC]) versus nonmaternal care [NMC]) and emotional/behavioral difficulties at 4 years old. Canadian families (N=1,358) with children between 1 and 12 months old were followed over 4 years. Family risks were found to moderate the association between type of child care and physical aggression. MC in infancy was associated with lower levels of physical aggression among children from a low-risk family background but not among those from a high-risk family background. The effect size was small (d=-0.16; confidence interval [CI]=-0.3, -0.01). Family risk and the sex of the child moderated the association between child care and emotional problems. MC in infancy was associated with a lower level of emotional difficulties among girls from low-risk families but not among boys or among children from high-risk families. The effect size was moderate (d=-0.44; CI=-0.65, -0.23). The study indicates that the effect of child care type in infancy varies by family and child characteristics.

Citations

Dec 25, 2010·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology·Mona BekkhusAnne I H Borge
Jan 20, 2011·Developmental Psychology·Fuhua ZhaiJane Waldfogel
Sep 9, 2010·Annual Review of Psychology·Deborah A Phillips, Amy E Lowenstein
Jan 30, 2009·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Michael Pluess, Jay Belsky
Sep 29, 2012·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Michael Rutter
Mar 7, 2013·Child Development·Elisabet SolheimTurid Suzanne Berg-Nielsen
Jun 25, 2010·Child Development·Deborah Lowe VandellUNKNOWN NICHD Early Child Care Research Network
Jan 11, 2014·Annual Review of Psychology·Marc H Bornstein
Apr 26, 2019·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Massimiliano OrriSylvana M Côté
Nov 30, 2016·Frontiers in Psychology·Daniela Bulgarelli, Paola Molina
Feb 1, 2016·Family Relations·Daniel BerryUNKNOWN Family Life Project Key Investigators
Jun 25, 2021·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Tanya J MurphySeungmi Yang
Jul 6, 2021·Infant and Child Development·Catherine DaviesNayeli Gonzalez-Gomez

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