Nonneuronal central mechanisms of pain: glia and immune response

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
E Alfonso Romero-Sandoval, Sarah Sweitzer

Abstract

The role of central glial cells in the mechanisms underlying pain has been intensively studied in the last two decades. Most studies on glia and pain focused on the potential detrimental role of glial cells following noxious stimulus/insults manifested as an "activation" or a "reactive" state (increase in glial marker expression and production of proinflammatory/nociceptive molecules). Therefore, "activated" or "reactive" glial cells became a target for the future generation of drugs to treat chronic pain. Several glial modulators that reduce the activation of glial cells have shown great efficacy in multiple animal (rodents mostly) models of pain (acute, subacute, chronic, inflammatory, neuropathic, surgical, etc.). These encouraging findings inspired clinical trials that have been completed in the last 5 years. Unfortunately, all clinical trials with these glial modulators have failed to demonstrate efficacy for the treatment of pain. New lines of investigation and elegant experimental designs are shedding light on alternative glial functions, which demonstrate that "glial reactivity" is not necessarily deleterious in some pathological conditions. New strategies to validate findings through our current animal models are neces...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 19, 2016·Pain Management·Duygu B BasCamilla I Svensson
Sep 28, 2017·Neural Plasticity·Young S GwakJoong Woo Leem
Jan 21, 2017·F1000Research·Halina Machelska, Melih Ö Celik
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Oct 5, 2016·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·Hongbin JiaQing Ji
Aug 27, 2017·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Meng-Ting ZhangJian-Qiang Yu
May 8, 2021·Neuroscience Letters·Megan L UhelskiPatrick M Dougherty
Sep 1, 2021·Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy·Joseph V PergolizziFlaminia Coluzzi

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