Nonspecific effects of oral vaccination with live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a.

Science Advances
Shaun H PenningtonMelita A Gordon

Abstract

Epidemiological and immunological evidence suggests that some vaccines can reduce all-cause mortality through nonspecific changes made to innate immune cells. Here, we present the first data to describe the nonspecific immunological impact of oral vaccination with live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a. We vaccinated healthy adults with Ty21a and assessed aspects of innate and adaptive immunity over the course of 6 months. Changes to monocyte phenotype/function were observed for at least 3 months. Changes to innate and adaptive immune cell cytokine production in response to stimulation with vaccine and unrelated nonvaccine antigens were observed over the 6-month study period. The changes that we have observed could influence susceptibility to infection through altered immune responses mounted to subsequently encountered pathogens. These changes could influence all-cause mortality.

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Citations

Jun 17, 2020·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Anees AhmedAyub Qadri
Feb 7, 2021·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Emily SchuellerEili Y Klein
May 20, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Konstantin ChumakovRobert C Gallo
Aug 20, 2021·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·Yuandong ZhangXun Sun

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
R
Prism
adegenet

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