Nontraumatic orbital hemorrhage

Survey of Ophthalmology
A A McNab

Abstract

Nontraumatic orbital hemorrhage (NTOH) is uncommon. I summarize the published reports of NTOH and offer a classification based on anatomic and etiologic factors. Anatomic patterns of NTOH include diffuse intraorbital hemorrhage, "encysted" hemorrhage (hematic cyst), subperiosteal hemorrhage, hemorrhage in relation to extraocular muscles, and hemorrhage in relation to orbital floor implants. Etiologic factors include vascular malformations and lesions, increased venous pressure, bleeding disorders, infection and inflammation, and neoplastic and nonneoplastic orbital lesions. The majority of NTOH patients can be managed conservatively, but some will have visual compromise and may require operative intervention. Some will suffer permanent visual loss, but a large majority have a good visual outcome.

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Citations

Dec 17, 2014·Pain Management·Corey W WaldmanReid A Waldman
Sep 23, 2014·Orbit·Alan McNab
May 8, 2015·BMC Ophthalmology·Alper MeteOğuzhan Saygılı
Jul 29, 2016·Orbit·Rachel L Z GohAlan A McNab
Nov 17, 2016·Survey of Ophthalmology·Kyle J GodfreyDon O Kikkawa
Feb 28, 2018·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Zeynep DadaciHilal Akay Cizmecioglu
Feb 9, 2018·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Jean-Thomas BacheletArnaud Gleizal
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Sep 21, 2018·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Helen H L ChanAlan A McNab
Oct 9, 2019·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Abdullah A AliRaed S Behbehani
Oct 15, 2019·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Ji Won SeoSo-Eun Han
May 15, 2018·Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology : Official Journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society·Hind M AlkatanAdel H Alsuhaibani
Oct 20, 2018·Orbit·Aliakbar SabermoghaddamSaeed Shokoohi-Rad
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Jul 16, 2019·Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology·Kerwin RoelandtPierre Bosschaert
Nov 10, 2020·American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports·Carl Shen, Siddharth Nath
Apr 19, 2021·Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'ophtalmologie·David A RamirezErin M Shriver
May 18, 2021·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Alan A McNab, Thomas G Hardy
Aug 14, 2021·Clinical Liver Disease·Cody NessSujit Vijay Sakpal
Mar 31, 2021·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Alan A McNabThomas G Hardy

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