Abstract
When the fetal gallbladder is not seen at ultrasound (US) scan, to propose a diagnostic method of differentiating fetuses who are healthy or have minor anomalies from fetuses with severe anomalies requiring intensive management. We present four clinical cases illustrating this variability, together with additional examinations: karyotyping, screening for cystic fibrosis mutations, amniotic fluid digestive enzyme activities. The four examples we present-biliary duct atresia, biliary agenesis, gallbladder reveal at birth, and cystic fibrosis-illustrate the difficulties of making both diagnosis and prognosis prenatally when the gallbladder is not visualized. Laboratory assays allowed prenatal management. Failure to visualize the gallbladder prenatally may indicate fetal diseases of highly variable prognosis, but may also sometimes be followed by postnatal visualization in a child free of any disease. Prenatal management could help in defining diagnosis and prognosis.
References
Jan 26, 1991·Lancet·F MullerJ Boué
Mar 1, 1988·Prenatal Diagnosis·F MullerA Boué
Oct 1, 1988·Archives of Surgery·R S BennionR K Tompkins
Mar 1, 1988·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·A LachauxM Hermier
Feb 12, 1983·Lancet·N J CarbarnsD J Brock
Jun 1, 1994·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·C E TanG J Moscoso
Sep 1, 1993·Prenatal Diagnosis·M BronshteinZ Blumenfeld
Jan 1, 1993·Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy·F DuchatelA Boue
Jun 1, 1996·Radiology·B S HertzbergE Livingston
Mar 27, 2002·Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy·F AlbayramK Blakemore
Mar 29, 2002·Prenatal Diagnosis·Brigitte Simon-BouyUNKNOWN French Collaborative Group
Jul 19, 2002·Prenatal Diagnosis·Moshe Ben-AmiFrancoise Muller
Jul 31, 2002·Radiology·Shraga BlazerMoshe Bronshtein
May 19, 2007·Prenatal Diagnosis·Yifat OchshornYuval Yaron
Citations
Oct 16, 2009·Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA·Soner AlbayEmine Hilal Evcil
Jun 22, 2010·European Radiology·Peter C BruggerDaniela Prayer
Feb 13, 2014·Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract·O YoldasU Aydın
Dec 25, 2010·Human Genetics·Alix de BecdelièvreEmmanuelle Girodon
Jun 1, 2014·Journal de gynécologie, obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction·M MatarO Picone
Oct 22, 2014·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Xiang CongShaoping Liu
Oct 29, 2010·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·O ShenM Gal
Oct 26, 2012·Prenatal Diagnosis·O ShenM Gal
Nov 5, 2011·Prenatal Diagnosis·Ingrid DuguépérouxClaude Férec
Apr 13, 2012·Prenatal Diagnosis·Sophie DreuxFrançoise Muller
Feb 28, 2019·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·E Di PasquoY Ville
Oct 26, 2011·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Bao Jian WangBaik Hwan Cho
Feb 8, 2019·Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU·Ourania KoukouraThemistoklis Dagklis
Feb 20, 2018·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Lena Sagi-DainIdit Maya
Nov 18, 2020·Pediatric Radiology·Marcello NapolitanoPhilippe Petit
Sep 3, 2021·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Miao HeLihe Zhang