Nor-hopanes from Zanha africana root bark with toxicity to bruchid beetles

Phytochemistry
Philip C StevensonSteven R Belmain

Abstract

Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell (Sapindaceae) root bark is used by farmers throughout sub-Saharan Africa to protect stored grain from bruchid beetles, such as Callosobruchus maculatus. Chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Z. africana root bark inhibited oviposition and caused significantly higher mortality of C. maculatus at a rate of application equivalent to that applied by farmers compared to control insects. The chloroform extract contained nor-hopanes rarely found in plants of which seven were isolated, one of which was previously known. Two of the most abundant nor-hopanes 3β,6β-dihydroxy-7β-[(4-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-21αH-24-norhopa-4(23),22(29)-diene and 3β,6β-dihydroxy-7β-[(4-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-24-norhopa-4(23),17(21)-diene were toxic to and reduced oviposition of C. maculatus in a dose dependent manner. Z. africana root bark is rich in insecticidal compounds that account for its effective use by smallholder farmers as an alternative to conventional insecticides.

References

Feb 1, 1997·Journal of Natural Products·M J CuéllarK Hostettmann
Oct 10, 1997·Journal of Natural Products·J P ChávezG A Cordell
Sep 23, 2009·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Philip C StevensonNigel C Veitch
Apr 9, 2011·Journal of Natural Products·Masahiko IsakaJ Jennifer Luangsa-ard
Sep 14, 2012·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Steven R BelmainPhilip C Stevenson
Dec 17, 2014·Carbohydrate Research·Catherine LavaudClément Delaude

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Citations

Sep 7, 2018·Chemistry & Biodiversity·Xiao-Hang WangAi-Jun Hou

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