PMID: 8592148Feb 1, 1996Paper

Norepinephrine release in the rat pineal gland: the input from the biological clock measured by in vivo microdialysis

Journal of Neurochemistry
W J DrijfhoutB H Westerink

Abstract

The sympathetic innervation of the rat pineal gland was investigated, measuring the norepinephrine (NE) release by on-line in vivo microdialysis. NE was assayed using an HPLC method with precolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection. Its high sensitivity and reliability made it very suitable to monitor the low levels of NE in the dialysates (12.5 fmol during nighttime, 3 fmol during daytime). To increase NE levels, the monoamine reuptake inhibitor cocaine was added to Ringer's solution at concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-5) M. This resulted in increases of neurotransmitter output of 167 and 219%, respectively, but did not change the qualitative and/or quantitative outcome of other experiments. Perfusion with 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin for 1 h resulted in a decrease of the NE release by >80%, whereas perfusion with the alpha 2-receptor antagonist yohimbine caused a twofold increase. These results indicate that the NE release in the rat pineal was of neuronal origin and regulated by a negative feedback mechanism involving inhibitory presynaptic alpha 2-receptors. Long-term (i.e., 16 h) measurements are described, showing the circadian properties of NE release. A pronounced rhythm is reported, showing extremely sharp transitions ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 11, 2003·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Marie-Laure GaridouValerie Simonneaux
Jun 26, 2004·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Magdalena KarolczakJörg H Stehle
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Sep 3, 2013·Journal of Molecular Endocrinology·Anthony H TsangHenrik Oster
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Mar 18, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Keisuke IkegamiSatoru Masubuchi
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