Normal distal pulmonary vein anatomy

PeerJ
Wiesława Klimek-PiotrowskaJakub Hołda

Abstract

Background. It is well known that the pulmonary veins (PVs), especially their myocardial sleeves play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. Understanding the PV anatomy is crucial for the safety and efficacy of all procedures performed on PVs. The aim of this study was to present normal distal PV anatomy and to create a juxtaposition of all PV ostium variants. Methods. A total of 130 randomly selected autopsied adult human hearts (Caucasian) were examined. The number of PVs ostia was evaluated and their diameter was measured. The ostium-to-last-tributary distance and macroscopic presence of myocardial sleeves were also evaluated. Results. Five hundred forty-one PV ostia were identified. Four classical PV ostia patterns (two left and two right PVs) were observed in 70.8% of all cases. The most common variant was the classical pattern with additional middle right PV (19.2%), followed by the common ostium for the left superior and the inferior PVs (4.44%). Mean diameters of PV ostia (for the classical pattern) were: left superior = 13.8 ± 2.9 mm; left inferior = 13.3 ± 3.4 mm; right superior = 14.3 ± 2.9 mm; right inferior = 13.7 ± 3.3 mm. When present, the additional middle right PV ostium had ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 15, 2016·The New England Journal of Medicine·Karl‑Heinz KuckJean‑Paul Albenque
Feb 16, 2017·Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·Mateusz K HoldaWieslawa Klimek-Piotrowska
Dec 18, 2016·Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft·Mateusz K HołdaWiesława Klimek-Piotrowska
Jul 6, 2020·Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology·Elżbieta SzczepanekMateusz K Hołda
Mar 4, 2019·Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA·Mateusz PolaczekBogdan Ciszek
Sep 15, 2016·The New England Journal of Medicine·Mateusz K HołdaJakub Hołda
Jul 6, 2021·European Heart Journal. Case Reports·Nina TalmorDan G Halpern

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging techniques

Software Mentioned

StatSoft Statistica

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