Not Only Redox: The Multifaceted Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Cancer Prevention and Therapy

Frontiers in Oncology
Francesca CorsiLina Ghibelli

Abstract

Much information is accumulating on the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) as cell-protective agents, reducing oxidative stress through their unique ability of scavenging noxious reactive oxygen species via an energy-free, auto-regenerative redox cycle, where superoxides and peroxides are sequentially reduced exploiting the double valence (Ce3+/Ce4+) on nanoparticle surface. In vitro and in vivo studies consistently report that CNPs are responsible for attenuating and preventing almost any oxidative damage and pathology. Particularly, CNPs were found to exert strong anticancer activities, helping correcting the aberrant homeostasis of cancer microenvironment, normalizing stroma-epithelial communication, contrasting angiogenesis, and strengthening the immune response, leading to reduction of tumor mass in vivo. Since these homeostatic alterations are of an oxidative nature, their relief is generally attributed to CNPs redox activity. Other studies however reported that CNPs exert selective cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced apoptosis: such effects are hardly the result of antioxidant activity, suggesting that CNPs exert such important anticancer e...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 10, 2018·The Analyst·Sayed Tayyab Raza NaqviNisar Ahmed
Jul 21, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Afsaneh NematiMohammadreza Gholami
May 6, 2021·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·Fei WeiMelanie J Coathup
Jun 5, 2021·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·Fei WeiMelanie Coathup

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