Novel Botulinum Neurotoxins: Exploring Underneath the Iceberg Tip

Toxins
Domenico Azarnia Tehran, Marco Pirazzini

Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the etiological agents of botulism, are the deadliest toxins known to humans. Yet, thanks to their biological and toxicological features, BoNTs have become sophisticated tools to study neuronal physiology and valuable therapeutics for an increasing number of human disorders. BoNTs are produced by multiple bacteria of the genus Clostridium and, on the basis of their different immunological properties, were classified as seven distinct types of toxin. BoNT classification remained stagnant for the last 50 years until, via bioinformatics and high-throughput sequencing techniques, dozens of BoNT variants, novel serotypes as well as BoNT-like toxins within non-clostridial species have been discovered. Here, we discuss how the now “booming field” of botulinum neurotoxin may shed light on their evolutionary origin and open exciting avenues for future therapeutic applications.

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Citations

Sep 1, 2020·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·Mark S NestorDaniel L Fischer
Mar 13, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Edyta JanikMichal Bijak
Jan 22, 2019·Infectious Diseases·Hasan KarsenHayrettin Akdeniz
Aug 4, 2018·Toxins·Mehri SalariMandar S Jog
Jan 8, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Minhong TangJiafu Wang
Nov 24, 2019·Toxins·Orlando CenciarelliAgoritsa Baka
Aug 24, 2018·Brain Sciences·Abhimanyu MahajanSusan Bowyer
Sep 10, 2020·Toxins·Michel R Popoff
Nov 19, 2020·Toxins·Christine Rasetti-EscargueilMichel R Popoff
Apr 15, 2021·Biosensors & Bioelectronics·Veronica CaratelliFabiana Arduini
Sep 28, 2021·Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics·Raymond L RosalesRichard M Trosch

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Botulism (ASM)

Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum. Discover the latest research on botulism here.

Botulism

Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum. Discover the latest research on botulism here.

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