Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
M Eddleston

Abstract

Organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning is a major global health problem, killing over 100,000 people annually. It is a complex multi-organ condition, involving the inhibition of cholinesterases, and perhaps other enzymes, and the effects of large doses of ingested solvents. Variability between organophosphorus insecticides-in lipophilicity, speed of activation, speed and potency of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and in the chemical groups attached to the phosphorus-results in variable speed of poisoning onset, severity, clinical toxidrome, and case fatality. Current treatment is modestly effective, aiming only to reactivate acetylcholinesterase and counter the effects of excess acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Rapid titration of atropine during resuscitation is lifesaving and can be performed in the absence of oxygen. The role of oximes in therapy remains unclear. Novel antidotes have been tested in small trials, but the great variability in poisoning makes interpretation of such trials difficult. More effort is required to test treatments in adequately powered studies.

References

Jan 7, 1978·Lancet·E L BakerW R Teeters
Dec 1, 1975·Archives of Environmental Health·J E DaviesC Vaclavek
Jul 4, 1992·Lancet·M K JohnsonT J Meredith
Mar 26, 1987·The New England Journal of Medicine·N Senanayake, L Karalliedde
Apr 1, 1971·The American Journal of Medicine·T NambaD Grob
Jul 1, 1974·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·R S WadiaH V Sardesai
Oct 1, 1970·Archives of Environmental Health·T NambaD Grob
Oct 1, 1971·Ethiopian Medical Journal·M A Sellassie, F Lester
Jul 1, 1982·Archives of Environmental Health·S A SolimanA K El-Sebae
Aug 1, 1997·Human & Experimental Toxicology·F WorekP Eyer
Jan 28, 1998·Annual Review of Entomology·J E Casida, G B Quistad
Jul 22, 1999·Toxicology Letters·H ThiermannT Zilker
Nov 14, 2001·Biochemical Pharmacology·S Choudhary, K D Gill
Apr 30, 2002·QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians·M EddlestonN Buckley
Mar 7, 2003·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Franca M BurattiEmanuela Testai
Apr 15, 2003·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Tsung-Ming ShihJohn H McDonough
Aug 18, 1955·The New England Journal of Medicine·G FREEMAN, M A EPSTEIN
Apr 12, 1958·Journal of the American Medical Association·T NAMBA, K HIRAKI
Sep 27, 2003·Chemosphere·E BenfenatiM R Varì
Jan 3, 2004·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Michael Eddleston, Michael R Phillips
Apr 10, 2004·Toxicological Reviews·Timothy C Marrs
Apr 16, 2004·Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology·Nicholas A BuckleyMichael Eddleston
Jun 9, 2004·Toxicological Reviews·Florian EyerPeter Eyer
Aug 18, 2004·Chemical Research in Toxicology·John E Casida, Gary B Quistad
Nov 10, 2004·Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology·Michael EddlestonAndrew Dawson
Nov 24, 2004·Drug Metabolism and Disposition : the Biological Fate of Chemicals·Franca M BurattiEmanuela Testai
Nov 30, 2004·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Michael EddlestonNick A Buckley
Feb 4, 2005·Human & Experimental Toxicology·Abdolkarim PajoumandMohammad Abdollahi
May 17, 2005·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Gary B QuistadJohn E Casida
Jun 9, 2005·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Wim van der Hoek, Flemming Konradsen
Oct 26, 2005·Chemico-biological Interactions·John E Casida, Gary B Quistad
Jan 5, 2006·Toxicological Reviews·H K Ruben Thanacoody, Simon H L Thomas
Jan 18, 2006·Human & Experimental Toxicology·H KinoshitaS Hishida
Jul 22, 2006·Toxicological Reviews·Lakshman KarallieddeTimothy C Marrs
Jul 25, 2006·QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians·M EddlestonN A Buckley
Oct 4, 2006·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·Tsung-Ming ShihJohn H McDonough
Oct 5, 2006·Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention·M EddlestonF Konradsen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 10, 2019·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology·Paul A InselUrs A Meyer
Jun 9, 2020·Archives of Toxicology·Franz WorekTimo Wille
May 18, 2019·Cardiovascular Toxicology·Thatiany Jardim BatistaKarla Nívea Sampaio
May 14, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Amira M Badr
Feb 4, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Congwei YuJiaheng Zhang
Nov 14, 2020·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·Maria Alozi, Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji
May 26, 2021·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Firouzeh NoghrehchiNicholas A Buckley
Jun 1, 2021·Critical Care Clinics·Sakib AmanFazle Rabbi Chowdhury
Jun 27, 2021·Archives of Toxicology·Antonio ZandonaMaja Katalinić

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
J G Coen van Hasselt, Ravi Iyengar
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Berthold LangguthChristopher R Cederroth
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Toshio Takahashi
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved