Novel Immune Check-Point Regulators in Tolerance Maintenance

Frontiers in Immunology
Yanxia Guo, Adele Y Wang

Abstract

The great success of anti-cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and anti-programed cell death protein 1 (PD1) in cancer treatment has encouraged more effort in harnessing the immune response through immunomodulatory molecules in various diseases. The immunoglobulin (Ig) super family comprises the majority of immunomodulatory molecules. Discovery of novel Ig super family members has brought novel insights into the function of different immune cells in tolerance maintenance. In this review, we discuss the function of newly identified B7 family molecules, B7-H4 and V-domain Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA), and the butyrophilin/butyrophilin-like family members. We discuss the current stages of immunomodulatory molecules in clinical trials of organ transplantation. The potential of engaging the novel Ig superfamily members in tolerance maintenance is also discussed. We conclude with the challenges remaining to manipulate these molecules in the immune response.

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Citations

Mar 26, 2016·Frontiers in Oncology·Ana Flávia Fernandes Ribas NardyAlexandre Morrot
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May 1, 2021·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Saife N LoneMuzafar A Macha

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Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT00568477
NCT02088931
NCT01780844
NCT00365846
NCT00048568
NCT00420199
NCT00784459
NCT01116427
NCT00410410
NCT00114777

Software Mentioned

VISTA

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